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st-vimBrowse-20200212-26cdfeb.diff (85174B)

---

 From 22471790fcaf1505890bcb53752a6df87cfd3592 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: Julius Huelsmann <juliusHuelsmann@gmail.com>
 Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 19:50:06 +0100
 Subject: [PATCH] port: vim patch 2020-02 to current HEAD of st
 
 ---
  Makefile       |   9 +-
  config.def.h   |  54 ++++
  config.h       | 513 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  dynamicArray.h | 175 ++++++++++++
  error.h        |  47 ++++
  glyph.h        |  30 ++
  normalMode.c   | 750 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  normalMode.h   |  36 +++
  st.c           | 249 +++++++++-------
  st.h           |  36 ++-
  term.h         |  73 +++++
  win.h          |   2 +
  x.c            |  48 +++-
  13 files changed, 1894 insertions(+), 128 deletions(-)
  create mode 100644 config.h
  create mode 100644 dynamicArray.h
  create mode 100644 error.h
  create mode 100644 glyph.h
  create mode 100644 normalMode.c
  create mode 100644 normalMode.h
  create mode 100644 term.h
 
 diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
 index 470ac86..af8f0be 100644
 --- a/Makefile
 +++ b/Makefile
 @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  
  include config.mk
  
 -SRC = st.c x.c
 +SRC = st.c x.c normalMode.c
  OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o)
  
  all: options st
 @@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ config.h:
  .c.o:
  	$(CC) $(STCFLAGS) -c $<
  
 -st.o: config.h st.h win.h
 -x.o: arg.h config.h st.h win.h
 +st.o: config.h st.h win.h dynamicArray.h normalMode.h term.h glyph.h error.h
 +x.o: arg.h config.h st.h win.h dynamicArray.h normalMode.h term.h glyph.h error.h
  
  $(OBJ): config.h config.mk
  
 @@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ clean:
  dist: clean
  	mkdir -p st-$(VERSION)
  	cp -R FAQ LEGACY TODO LICENSE Makefile README config.mk\
 -		config.def.h st.info st.1 arg.h st.h win.h $(SRC)\
 +		config.def.h st.info st.1 arg.h st.h win.h dynamicArray.h\
 +		normalMode.h term.h error.h $(SRC)\
  		st-$(VERSION)
  	tar -cf - st-$(VERSION) | gzip > st-$(VERSION).tar.gz
  	rm -rf st-$(VERSION)
 diff --git a/config.def.h b/config.def.h
 index 546edda..92b541d 100644
 --- a/config.def.h
 +++ b/config.def.h
 @@ -149,6 +149,14 @@ static unsigned int mousebg = 0;
   * doesn't match the ones requested.
   */
  static unsigned int defaultattr = 11;
 +/// Colors for the entities that are 'highlighted' in normal mode (search
 +/// results currently on screen) [Vim Browse].
 +static unsigned int highlightBg = 160;
 +static unsigned int highlightFg = 15;
 +/// Colors for highlighting the current cursor position (row + col) in normal
 +/// mode [Vim Browse].
 +static unsigned int currentBg = 8;
 +static unsigned int currentFg = 15;
  
  /*
   * Force mouse select/shortcuts while mask is active (when MODE_MOUSE is set).
 @@ -170,10 +178,12 @@ static MouseShortcut mshortcuts[] = {
  
  /* Internal keyboard shortcuts. */
  #define MODKEY Mod1Mask
 +#define AltMask Mod1Mask
  #define TERMMOD (ControlMask|ShiftMask)
  
  static Shortcut shortcuts[] = {
  	/* mask                 keysym          function        argument */
 +	{ AltMask,              XK_c,           normalMode,     {.i =  0} },
  	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           XK_Break,       sendbreak,      {.i =  0} },
  	{ ControlMask,          XK_Print,       toggleprinter,  {.i =  0} },
  	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Print,       printscreen,    {.i =  0} },
 @@ -186,6 +196,8 @@ static Shortcut shortcuts[] = {
  	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Y,           selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
  	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Insert,      selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
  	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Num_Lock,    numlock,        {.i =  0} },
 +	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Up,     kscrollup,      {.i = -1} },
 +	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Down,   kscrolldown,    {.i = -1} },
  };
  
  /*
 @@ -457,3 +469,45 @@ static char ascii_printable[] =
  	" !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?"
  	"@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_"
  	"`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~";
 +
 +
 +/// word sepearors normal mode
 +/// [Vim Browse].
 +char wordDelimSmall[] = " \t!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~";
 +char wordDelimLarge[] = " \t"; /// <Word sepearors normal mode (capital W)
 +
 +/// Shortcusts executed in normal mode (which should not already be in use)
 +/// [Vim Browse].
 +struct NormalModeShortcuts normalModeShortcuts [] = {
 +	{ 'R', "?Building\n" },
 +	{ 'r', "/Building\n" },
 +	{ 'F', "?: error:\n" },
 +	{ 'f', "/: error:\n" },
 +	{ 'Q', "?[Leaving vim, starting execution]\n" },
 +	{ 'S', "Qf" },
 +	{ 'X', "?juli@machine\n" },
 +	{ 'x', "/juli@machine\n" },
 +};
 +
 +size_t const amountNormalModeShortcuts = sizeof(normalModeShortcuts) / sizeof(*normalModeShortcuts);
 +
 +/// Style of the command string visualized in normal mode in the right corner
 +/// [Vim Browse].
 +Glyph const styleCommand = {' ', ATTR_ITALIC | ATTR_FAINT, 7, 16};
 +/// Style of the search string visualized in normal mode in the right corner.
 +/// [Vim Browse].
 +Glyph const styleSearch = {' ', ATTR_ITALIC | ATTR_BOLD_FAINT, 7, 16};
 +
 +/// Colors used in normal mode in order to highlight different operations and
 +/// empathise the current position on screen  in  the status area [Vim Browse].
 +unsigned int bgCommandYank = 11;
 +unsigned int bgCommandVisual = 4;
 +unsigned int bgCommandVisualLine = 12;
 +
 +unsigned int fgCommandYank = 232;
 +unsigned int fgCommandVisual = 232;
 +unsigned int fgCommandVisualLine = 232;
 +
 +unsigned int bgPos = 15;
 +unsigned int fgPos = 16;
 +
 diff --git a/config.h b/config.h
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..92b541d
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/config.h
 @@ -0,0 +1,513 @@
 +/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
 +
 +/*
 + * appearance
 + *
 + * font: see http://freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html
 + */
 +static char *font = "Liberation Mono:pixelsize=12:antialias=true:autohint=true";
 +static int borderpx = 2;
 +
 +/*
 + * What program is execed by st depends of these precedence rules:
 + * 1: program passed with -e
 + * 2: utmp option
 + * 3: SHELL environment variable
 + * 4: value of shell in /etc/passwd
 + * 5: value of shell in config.h
 + */
 +static char *shell = "/bin/sh";
 +char *utmp = NULL;
 +char *stty_args = "stty raw pass8 nl -echo -iexten -cstopb 38400";
 +
 +/* identification sequence returned in DA and DECID */
 +char *vtiden = "\033[?6c";
 +
 +/* Kerning / character bounding-box multipliers */
 +static float cwscale = 1.0;
 +static float chscale = 1.0;
 +
 +/*
 + * word delimiter string
 + *
 + * More advanced example: L" `'\"()[]{}"
 + */
 +wchar_t *worddelimiters = L" ";
 +
 +/* selection timeouts (in milliseconds) */
 +static unsigned int doubleclicktimeout = 300;
 +static unsigned int tripleclicktimeout = 600;
 +
 +/* alt screens */
 +int allowaltscreen = 1;
 +
 +/* frames per second st should at maximum draw to the screen */
 +static unsigned int xfps = 120;
 +static unsigned int actionfps = 30;
 +
 +/*
 + * blinking timeout (set to 0 to disable blinking) for the terminal blinking
 + * attribute.
 + */
 +static unsigned int blinktimeout = 800;
 +
 +/*
 + * thickness of underline and bar cursors
 + */
 +static unsigned int cursorthickness = 2;
 +
 +/*
 + * bell volume. It must be a value between -100 and 100. Use 0 for disabling
 + * it
 + */
 +static int bellvolume = 0;
 +
 +/* default TERM value */
 +char *termname = "st-256color";
 +
 +/*
 + * spaces per tab
 + *
 + * When you are changing this value, don't forget to adapt the »it« value in
 + * the st.info and appropriately install the st.info in the environment where
 + * you use this st version.
 + *
 + *	it#$tabspaces,
 + *
 + * Secondly make sure your kernel is not expanding tabs. When running `stty
 + * -a` »tab0« should appear. You can tell the terminal to not expand tabs by
 + *  running following command:
 + *
 + *	stty tabs
 + */
 +unsigned int tabspaces = 8;
 +
 +/* Terminal colors (16 first used in escape sequence) */
 +static const char *colorname[] = {
 +	/* 8 normal colors */
 +	"black",
 +	"red3",
 +	"green3",
 +	"yellow3",
 +	"blue2",
 +	"magenta3",
 +	"cyan3",
 +	"gray90",
 +
 +	/* 8 bright colors */
 +	"gray50",
 +	"red",
 +	"green",
 +	"yellow",
 +	"#5c5cff",
 +	"magenta",
 +	"cyan",
 +	"white",
 +
 +	[255] = 0,
 +
 +	/* more colors can be added after 255 to use with DefaultXX */
 +	"#cccccc",
 +	"#555555",
 +};
 +
 +
 +/*
 + * Default colors (colorname index)
 + * foreground, background, cursor, reverse cursor
 + */
 +unsigned int defaultfg = 7;
 +unsigned int defaultbg = 0;
 +static unsigned int defaultcs = 256;
 +static unsigned int defaultrcs = 257;
 +
 +/*
 + * Default shape of cursor
 + * 2: Block ("█")
 + * 4: Underline ("_")
 + * 6: Bar ("|")
 + * 7: Snowman ("☃")
 + */
 +static unsigned int cursorshape = 2;
 +
 +/*
 + * Default columns and rows numbers
 + */
 +
 +static unsigned int cols = 80;
 +static unsigned int rows = 24;
 +
 +/*
 + * Default colour and shape of the mouse cursor
 + */
 +static unsigned int mouseshape = XC_xterm;
 +static unsigned int mousefg = 7;
 +static unsigned int mousebg = 0;
 +
 +/*
 + * Color used to display font attributes when fontconfig selected a font which
 + * doesn't match the ones requested.
 + */
 +static unsigned int defaultattr = 11;
 +/// Colors for the entities that are 'highlighted' in normal mode (search
 +/// results currently on screen) [Vim Browse].
 +static unsigned int highlightBg = 160;
 +static unsigned int highlightFg = 15;
 +/// Colors for highlighting the current cursor position (row + col) in normal
 +/// mode [Vim Browse].
 +static unsigned int currentBg = 8;
 +static unsigned int currentFg = 15;
 +
 +/*
 + * Force mouse select/shortcuts while mask is active (when MODE_MOUSE is set).
 + * Note that if you want to use ShiftMask with selmasks, set this to an other
 + * modifier, set to 0 to not use it.
 + */
 +static uint forcemousemod = ShiftMask;
 +
 +/*
 + * Internal mouse shortcuts.
 + * Beware that overloading Button1 will disable the selection.
 + */
 +static MouseShortcut mshortcuts[] = {
 +	/* mask                 button   function        argument       release */
 +	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button2, selpaste,       {.i = 0},      1 },
 +	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\031"} },
 +	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button5, ttysend,        {.s = "\005"} },
 +};
 +
 +/* Internal keyboard shortcuts. */
 +#define MODKEY Mod1Mask
 +#define AltMask Mod1Mask
 +#define TERMMOD (ControlMask|ShiftMask)
 +
 +static Shortcut shortcuts[] = {
 +	/* mask                 keysym          function        argument */
 +	{ AltMask,              XK_c,           normalMode,     {.i =  0} },
 +	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           XK_Break,       sendbreak,      {.i =  0} },
 +	{ ControlMask,          XK_Print,       toggleprinter,  {.i =  0} },
 +	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Print,       printscreen,    {.i =  0} },
 +	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           XK_Print,       printsel,       {.i =  0} },
 +	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Prior,       zoom,           {.f = +1} },
 +	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Next,        zoom,           {.f = -1} },
 +	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Home,        zoomreset,      {.f =  0} },
 +	{ TERMMOD,              XK_C,           clipcopy,       {.i =  0} },
 +	{ TERMMOD,              XK_V,           clippaste,      {.i =  0} },
 +	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Y,           selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
 +	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Insert,      selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
 +	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Num_Lock,    numlock,        {.i =  0} },
 +	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Up,     kscrollup,      {.i = -1} },
 +	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Down,   kscrolldown,    {.i = -1} },
 +};
 +
 +/*
 + * Special keys (change & recompile st.info accordingly)
 + *
 + * Mask value:
 + * * Use XK_ANY_MOD to match the key no matter modifiers state
 + * * Use XK_NO_MOD to match the key alone (no modifiers)
 + * appkey value:
 + * * 0: no value
 + * * > 0: keypad application mode enabled
 + * *   = 2: term.numlock = 1
 + * * < 0: keypad application mode disabled
 + * appcursor value:
 + * * 0: no value
 + * * > 0: cursor application mode enabled
 + * * < 0: cursor application mode disabled
 + *
 + * Be careful with the order of the definitions because st searches in
 + * this table sequentially, so any XK_ANY_MOD must be in the last
 + * position for a key.
 + */
 +
 +/*
 + * If you want keys other than the X11 function keys (0xFD00 - 0xFFFF)
 + * to be mapped below, add them to this array.
 + */
 +static KeySym mappedkeys[] = { -1 };
 +
 +/*
 + * State bits to ignore when matching key or button events.  By default,
 + * numlock (Mod2Mask) and keyboard layout (XK_SWITCH_MOD) are ignored.
 + */
 +static uint ignoremod = Mod2Mask|XK_SWITCH_MOD;
 +
 +/*
 + * This is the huge key array which defines all compatibility to the Linux
 + * world. Please decide about changes wisely.
 + */
 +static Key key[] = {
 +	/* keysym           mask            string      appkey appcursor */
 +	{ XK_KP_Home,       ShiftMask,      "\033[2J",       0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Home,       ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2H",     0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Home,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[H",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Home,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[1~",       0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Up,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ox",       +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Up,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[A",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Up,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OA",        0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Down,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Or",       +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Down,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[B",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Down,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OB",        0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Left,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ot",       +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Left,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[D",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Left,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OD",        0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Right,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ov",       +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Right,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[C",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Right,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OC",        0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_KP_Prior,      ShiftMask,      "\033[5;2~",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Prior,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[5~",       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Begin,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[E",        0,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_End,        ControlMask,    "\033[J",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_End,        ControlMask,    "\033[1;5F",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_End,        ShiftMask,      "\033[K",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_End,        ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2F",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_End,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[4~",       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Next,       ShiftMask,      "\033[6;2~",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Next,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[6~",       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Insert,     ShiftMask,      "\033[2;2~",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Insert,     ShiftMask,      "\033[4l",      -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Insert,     ControlMask,    "\033[L",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Insert,     ControlMask,    "\033[2;5~",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Insert,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[4h",      -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Insert,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[2~",      +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Delete,     ControlMask,    "\033[M",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Delete,     ControlMask,    "\033[3;5~",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Delete,     ShiftMask,      "\033[2K",      -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Delete,     ShiftMask,      "\033[3;2~",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Delete,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[P",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Delete,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[3~",      +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Multiply,   XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Oj",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Add,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ok",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Enter,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OM",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Enter,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\r",           -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Subtract,   XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Om",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Decimal,    XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033On",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_Divide,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Oo",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_0,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Op",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_1,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Oq",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_2,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Or",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_3,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Os",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_4,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ot",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_5,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ou",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_6,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ov",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_7,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ow",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_8,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ox",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_KP_9,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Oy",       +2,    0},
 +	{ XK_Up,            ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2A",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Up,            Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3A",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Up,         ShiftMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;4A",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Up,            ControlMask,    "\033[1;5A",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Up,      ShiftMask|ControlMask,"\033[1;6A",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Up,       ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;7A",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Up,ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;8A",  0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Up,            XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[A",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_Up,            XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OA",        0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_Down,          ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2B",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Down,          Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3B",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Down,       ShiftMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;4B",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Down,          ControlMask,    "\033[1;5B",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Down,    ShiftMask|ControlMask,"\033[1;6B",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Down,     ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;7B",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Down,ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;8B",0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Down,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[B",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_Down,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OB",        0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_Left,          ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2D",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Left,          Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3D",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Left,       ShiftMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;4D",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Left,          ControlMask,    "\033[1;5D",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Left,    ShiftMask|ControlMask,"\033[1;6D",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Left,     ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;7D",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Left,ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;8D",0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Left,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[D",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_Left,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OD",        0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_Right,         ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2C",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Right,         Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3C",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Right,      ShiftMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;4C",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Right,         ControlMask,    "\033[1;5C",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Right,   ShiftMask|ControlMask,"\033[1;6C",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Right,    ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;7C",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Right,ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;8C",0,   0},
 +	{ XK_Right,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[C",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_Right,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OC",        0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_ISO_Left_Tab,  ShiftMask,      "\033[Z",        0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Return,        Mod1Mask,       "\033\r",        0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Return,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\r",            0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Insert,        ShiftMask,      "\033[4l",      -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Insert,        ShiftMask,      "\033[2;2~",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Insert,        ControlMask,    "\033[L",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Insert,        ControlMask,    "\033[2;5~",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Insert,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[4h",      -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Insert,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[2~",      +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Delete,        ControlMask,    "\033[M",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Delete,        ControlMask,    "\033[3;5~",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Delete,        ShiftMask,      "\033[2K",      -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Delete,        ShiftMask,      "\033[3;2~",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Delete,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[P",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_Delete,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[3~",      +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_BackSpace,     XK_NO_MOD,      "\177",          0,    0},
 +	{ XK_BackSpace,     Mod1Mask,       "\033\177",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Home,          ShiftMask,      "\033[2J",       0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_Home,          ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2H",     0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_Home,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[H",        0,   -1},
 +	{ XK_Home,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[1~",       0,   +1},
 +	{ XK_End,           ControlMask,    "\033[J",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_End,           ControlMask,    "\033[1;5F",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_End,           ShiftMask,      "\033[K",       -1,    0},
 +	{ XK_End,           ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2F",    +1,    0},
 +	{ XK_End,           XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[4~",       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Prior,         ControlMask,    "\033[5;5~",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Prior,         ShiftMask,      "\033[5;2~",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Prior,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[5~",       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Next,          ControlMask,    "\033[6;5~",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Next,          ShiftMask,      "\033[6;2~",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_Next,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[6~",       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F1,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033OP" ,       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F1, /* F13 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2P",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F1, /* F25 */  ControlMask,    "\033[1;5P",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F1, /* F37 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[1;6P",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F1, /* F49 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3P",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F1, /* F61 */  Mod3Mask,       "\033[1;4P",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F2,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033OQ" ,       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F2, /* F14 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2Q",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F2, /* F26 */  ControlMask,    "\033[1;5Q",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F2, /* F38 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[1;6Q",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F2, /* F50 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3Q",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F2, /* F62 */  Mod3Mask,       "\033[1;4Q",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F3,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033OR" ,       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F3, /* F15 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2R",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F3, /* F27 */  ControlMask,    "\033[1;5R",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F3, /* F39 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[1;6R",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F3, /* F51 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3R",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F3, /* F63 */  Mod3Mask,       "\033[1;4R",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F4,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033OS" ,       0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F4, /* F16 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2S",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F4, /* F28 */  ControlMask,    "\033[1;5S",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F4, /* F40 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[1;6S",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F4, /* F52 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3S",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F5,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[15~",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F5, /* F17 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[15;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F5, /* F29 */  ControlMask,    "\033[15;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F5, /* F41 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[15;6~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F5, /* F53 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[15;3~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F6,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[17~",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F6, /* F18 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[17;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F6, /* F30 */  ControlMask,    "\033[17;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F6, /* F42 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[17;6~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F6, /* F54 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[17;3~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F7,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[18~",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F7, /* F19 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[18;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F7, /* F31 */  ControlMask,    "\033[18;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F7, /* F43 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[18;6~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F7, /* F55 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[18;3~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F8,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[19~",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F8, /* F20 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[19;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F8, /* F32 */  ControlMask,    "\033[19;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F8, /* F44 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[19;6~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F8, /* F56 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[19;3~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F9,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[20~",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F9, /* F21 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[20;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F9, /* F33 */  ControlMask,    "\033[20;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F9, /* F45 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[20;6~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F9, /* F57 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[20;3~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F10,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[21~",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F10, /* F22 */ ShiftMask,      "\033[21;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F10, /* F34 */ ControlMask,    "\033[21;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F10, /* F46 */ Mod4Mask,       "\033[21;6~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F10, /* F58 */ Mod1Mask,       "\033[21;3~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F11,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[23~",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F11, /* F23 */ ShiftMask,      "\033[23;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F11, /* F35 */ ControlMask,    "\033[23;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F11, /* F47 */ Mod4Mask,       "\033[23;6~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F11, /* F59 */ Mod1Mask,       "\033[23;3~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F12,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[24~",      0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F12, /* F24 */ ShiftMask,      "\033[24;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F12, /* F36 */ ControlMask,    "\033[24;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F12, /* F48 */ Mod4Mask,       "\033[24;6~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F12, /* F60 */ Mod1Mask,       "\033[24;3~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F13,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;2P",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F14,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;2Q",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F15,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;2R",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F16,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;2S",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F17,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[15;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F18,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[17;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F19,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[18;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F20,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[19;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F21,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[20;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F22,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[21;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F23,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[23;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F24,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[24;2~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F25,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;5P",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F26,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;5Q",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F27,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;5R",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F28,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;5S",     0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F29,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[15;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F30,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[17;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F31,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[18;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F32,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[19;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F33,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[20;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F34,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[21;5~",    0,    0},
 +	{ XK_F35,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[23;5~",    0,    0},
 +};
 +
 +/*
 + * Selection types' masks.
 + * Use the same masks as usual.
 + * Button1Mask is always unset, to make masks match between ButtonPress.
 + * ButtonRelease and MotionNotify.
 + * If no match is found, regular selection is used.
 + */
 +static uint selmasks[] = {
 +	[SEL_RECTANGULAR] = Mod1Mask,
 +};
 +
 +/*
 + * Printable characters in ASCII, used to estimate the advance width
 + * of single wide characters.
 + */
 +static char ascii_printable[] =
 +	" !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?"
 +	"@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_"
 +	"`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~";
 +
 +
 +/// word sepearors normal mode
 +/// [Vim Browse].
 +char wordDelimSmall[] = " \t!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~";
 +char wordDelimLarge[] = " \t"; /// <Word sepearors normal mode (capital W)
 +
 +/// Shortcusts executed in normal mode (which should not already be in use)
 +/// [Vim Browse].
 +struct NormalModeShortcuts normalModeShortcuts [] = {
 +	{ 'R', "?Building\n" },
 +	{ 'r', "/Building\n" },
 +	{ 'F', "?: error:\n" },
 +	{ 'f', "/: error:\n" },
 +	{ 'Q', "?[Leaving vim, starting execution]\n" },
 +	{ 'S', "Qf" },
 +	{ 'X', "?juli@machine\n" },
 +	{ 'x', "/juli@machine\n" },
 +};
 +
 +size_t const amountNormalModeShortcuts = sizeof(normalModeShortcuts) / sizeof(*normalModeShortcuts);
 +
 +/// Style of the command string visualized in normal mode in the right corner
 +/// [Vim Browse].
 +Glyph const styleCommand = {' ', ATTR_ITALIC | ATTR_FAINT, 7, 16};
 +/// Style of the search string visualized in normal mode in the right corner.
 +/// [Vim Browse].
 +Glyph const styleSearch = {' ', ATTR_ITALIC | ATTR_BOLD_FAINT, 7, 16};
 +
 +/// Colors used in normal mode in order to highlight different operations and
 +/// empathise the current position on screen  in  the status area [Vim Browse].
 +unsigned int bgCommandYank = 11;
 +unsigned int bgCommandVisual = 4;
 +unsigned int bgCommandVisualLine = 12;
 +
 +unsigned int fgCommandYank = 232;
 +unsigned int fgCommandVisual = 232;
 +unsigned int fgCommandVisualLine = 232;
 +
 +unsigned int bgPos = 15;
 +unsigned int fgPos = 16;
 +
 diff --git a/dynamicArray.h b/dynamicArray.h
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..8af5d9c
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/dynamicArray.h
 @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
 +#ifndef DYNAMIC_ARRAY_H
 +#define DYNAMIC_ARRAY_H
 +
 +#include "error.h"
 +
 +#include <stdint.h>
 +#include <stdlib.h>
 +#include <string.h>
 +#include <stdbool.h>
 +
 +/// Struct for which this file offers functionality in order to expand the array
 +/// and set / get its content.
 +typedef struct DynamicArray {
 +	/// Size of the datatype contained in the array.
 +	uint8_t itemSize;
 +	/// Amount of bytes currently initialized
 +	uint32_t index;
 +	/// Amount of bytes currently reserved (not necessarily initialized)
 +	uint32_t allocated;
 +	/// Actual content.
 +	char* content;
 +} DynamicArray;
 +
 +#define EXPAND_STEP 15
 +
 +/// Default initializers for the dynamic array.
 +#define CHAR_ARRAY  {1, 0, 0, NULL}
 +#define WORD_ARRAY  {2, 0, 0, NULL}
 +#define DWORD_ARRAY {4, 0, 0, NULL}
 +#define QWORD_ARRAY {8, 0, 0, NULL}
 +/// (Wasteful) utf-8 array, that always used 4 bytes in order to display a
 +/// character, even if the space is not required.
 +#define UTF8_ARRAY  DWORD_ARRAY
 +
 +/// Check that at least \p bytes are allocated, if true implying that
 +/// \p s->content[\bytes - 1] is allocated.
 +static inline bool
 +isAllocated(DynamicArray const *s, uint32_t bytes) {
 +	return s != NULL && s->allocated >= bytes;
 +}
 +
 +/// @see #isAllocated
 +static inline bool
 +isInitialized(DynamicArray const *s, uint32_t bytes) {
 +	return s != NULL && s->index >= bytes;
 +}
 +
 +/// Return the next element in \p s and increment index without checking bounds.
 +static inline char*
 +gnext(DynamicArray *s) {
 +	ENSURE(s!=NULL, return NULL);
 +	ENSURE(s->index % s->itemSize == 0 && "(index not aligned)",
 +			s->index += s->itemSize - (s->index % s->itemSize));
 +	ENSURE(isAllocated(s, s->index + 2 * s->itemSize), return NULL);
 +	return s->content + (s->index += s->itemSize);
 +}
 +
 +/// View element \p i in \p s.
 +static inline char*
 +view(DynamicArray const * s, uint32_t i) {
 +	ENSURE((s != NULL) && isAllocated(s, (i+1) * s->itemSize), return NULL);
 +	return s->content + i*s->itemSize;
 +}
 +
 +/// Inspect element content[size() - 1 - i].
 +static inline char *
 +viewEnd(DynamicArray const *s, uint32_t i) {
 +	ENSURE((s != NULL) && isInitialized(s, i * s->itemSize), return NULL);
 +	ENSURE(s->index%s->itemSize == 0 && "(index not aligned)", return NULL);
 +	return s->content + s->index - (i + 1) * s->itemSize;
 +}
 +
 +/// Set conent without applying
 +static inline bool
 +setValues(DynamicArray* s, char const *vals, uint32_t amount) {
 +	ENSURE(vals != NULL, return false);
 +	ENSURE((s != NULL) && isAllocated(s, s->index + amount), return false);
 +	memcpy(s->content + s->index, vals, amount);
 +	return true;
 +}
 +
 +static inline bool
 +snext(DynamicArray* s, char const *vals, uint32_t amount) {
 +	bool const success = setValues(s, vals, amount);
 +	ENSURE(success, return false);
 +	uint8_t const rest = amount % s->itemSize;
 +	uint32_t const newSize = s->index + amount + (rest ? s->itemSize : 0);
 +	ENSURE(isAllocated(s, newSize), return false);
 +	s->index = newSize;
 +	return true;
 +}
 +
 +/// Empty \p s.
 +static inline void
 +empty(DynamicArray* s) {
 +	ENSURE((s != NULL), return);
 +	s->index = 0;
 +}
 +
 +/// Check if \p s has initialized content (which can be the case even if memory
 +/// is allocated).
 +static inline bool
 +isEmpty(DynamicArray const * s) {
 +	ENSURE((s != NULL), return true);
 +	return s->index == 0;
 +}
 +
 +static inline int
 +size(DynamicArray const * s) {
 +	ENSURE(s != NULL, return 0);
 +	ENSURE(s->itemSize != 0, return 0);
 +	return s->index / s->itemSize;
 +}
 +
 +static inline void
 +pop(DynamicArray* s) {
 +	ENSURE((s != NULL), return);
 +	ENSURE(s->index % s->itemSize == 0 && "(index not aligned)",
 +			s->index += s->itemSize - (s->index % s->itemSize));
 +	ENSURE(isInitialized(s, s->itemSize), return);
 +	s->index -= s->itemSize;
 +}
 +
 +static inline bool
 +checkSetNext(DynamicArray *s, char const *c, uint32_t amount) {
 +	ENSURE(s != NULL && c != NULL, return false);
 +	if (s->allocated < s->index + s->itemSize * amount) {
 +		uint32_t const diff = s->index+s->itemSize*amount-s->allocated;
 +		uint32_t const newAlloSize = s->allocated + (diff > EXPAND_STEP
 +				? diff : EXPAND_STEP) * s->itemSize;
 +		char* tmp = realloc(s->content, newAlloSize);
 +		if (tmp == NULL) { return false; }
 +		s->allocated = newAlloSize;
 +		s->content = tmp;
 +		assert(s->allocated >= s->index + s->itemSize * amount);
 +	}
 +	if (amount) { snext(s, c, amount); }
 +	return true;
 +}
 +
 +static inline bool
 +checkSetNextV(DynamicArray *s, char const c) {
 +	return checkSetNext(s, &c, 1);
 +}
 +
 +static inline bool
 +checkSetNextP(DynamicArray *s, char const *c) {
 +	ENSURE(c != NULL, return false);
 +	return checkSetNext(s, c, strlen(c));
 +}
 +
 +/// Expand the currently initialized content in \p s and the allocated chunk of
 +/// memory if required.
 +static char *
 +expand(DynamicArray *s) {
 +	ENSURE(s != NULL, return NULL);
 +	if (s->allocated < s->index + s->itemSize) {
 +		uint32_t const diff = s->index + s->itemSize - s->allocated;
 +		uint32_t const newAlloSize = s->allocated + (diff > EXPAND_STEP
 +				? diff : EXPAND_STEP) * s->itemSize;
 +		char* tmp = realloc(s->content, newAlloSize);
 +		if (tmp == NULL) { return NULL; }
 +		s->allocated = newAlloSize;
 +		s->content = tmp;
 +		assert(s->allocated >= s->index + s->itemSize);
 +	}
 +	s->index+=s->itemSize;
 +	return viewEnd(s, 0);
 +}
 +
 +#define append(s, c) checkSetNext((s), (char const *) (c), (s)->itemSize)
 +#define appendPartial(s, c, i) checkSetNext((s), (char const *) (c), (i))
 +
 +
 +#endif // DYNAMIC_ARRAY_H
 diff --git a/error.h b/error.h
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..91c621f
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/error.h
 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
 +#ifndef ERROR_H
 +#define ERROR_H
 +
 +#include <assert.h>
 +
 +// Flag which determines whether to fail if a required condition is not met, or
 +// to adapt the condition in order to work properly.
 +// Attention: Be sure to perform a clean build after you alter preprocessor
 +//            directives / definitions.
 +//#define FAIL_ON_ERROR
 +
 +#include <stdio.h>
 +
 +///
 +/// Function used in case the fail-on-error mode is disabled (via definition)
 +/// to report errors. In debug production mode, alias st to st 2> error.log.
 +static void reportError(char const * cond, char const * stt, char const * file,
 +		unsigned int line ) {
 +	unsigned int const maxErrorCount = 100;
 +	static unsigned int errorCount = 0;
 +	if (++errorCount == 1) {
 +		printf("Report the following bug to "
 +				"https://github.com/juliusHuelsmann/st.\n");
 +	}
 +	if (errorCount < maxErrorCount) {
 +		printf("Bug:\tCondition '%s' evaluates to false.\n\tPerforming"
 +				" '%s' to counteract.\n\tFile:%s:%u\n",
 +				cond, stt, file, line);
 +	} else if (errorCount == maxErrorCount) {
 +		printf("Max amount of reported errors %u is reached. From here"
 +				"on, no additional errors will be reported.\n",
 +				maxErrorCount);
 +	}
 +}
 +
 +/// Note that everyting condition checked / endforced with #ENSURE is
 +/// considered an error, and behaves like an error depending on the flag.
 +#ifdef FAIL_ON_ERROR
 +#define ENSURE(cond, stt) assert(cond);
 +#else // FAIL_ON_ERROR
 +#define ENSURE(cond, stt) if (!(cond)) {                                       \
 +                          	reportError(#cond, #stt, __FILE__, __LINE__);  \
 +                          	stt;                                           \
 +                          }
 +#endif // FAIL_ON_ERROR
 +
 +#endif // ERROR_H
 diff --git a/glyph.h b/glyph.h
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..84aa252
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/glyph.h
 @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
 +#ifndef LINE_H
 +#define LINE_H
 +
 +//
 +// Contains the representation of the entities in the buffer (Line, Gylph), that
 +// is used by every part of the software implmeneting terminal logic.
 +//
 +
 +#include <stdint.h>
 +
 +enum selection_type {
 +	SEL_REGULAR = 1,
 +	SEL_RECTANGULAR = 2
 +};
 +
 +typedef uint_least32_t Rune;
 +
 +#define Glyph Glyph_
 +
 +typedef struct {
 +	Rune u;           /* character code */
 +	unsigned short mode;      /* attribute flags */
 +	uint32_t fg;      /* foreground  */
 +	uint32_t bg;      /* background  */
 +} Glyph;
 +
 +
 +typedef Glyph *Line;
 +
 +#endif // LINE_H
 diff --git a/normalMode.c b/normalMode.c
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..59a5a89
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/normalMode.c
 @@ -0,0 +1,750 @@
 +/* See LICENSE for license details. */
 +#include "normalMode.h"
 +#include "dynamicArray.h"
 +#include "term.h"
 +#include "win.h"
 +#include "error.h"
 +
 +#include <X11/keysym.h>
 +#include <X11/XKBlib.h>
 +
 +#include <ctype.h>
 +#include <stdio.h>
 +#include <limits.h>
 +#include <math.h>
 +
 +#define LEN(a)                 (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a)[0])
 +#define BETWEEN(x, a, b)       ((a) <= (x) && (x) <= (b))
 +#define FALLTHROUGH            __attribute__((fallthrough));
 +#define SEC(var,ini,h,r)       var = ini; if (!var) { h; return r; }
 +#define EXPAND(v1,v2,r)        char *SEC(v1, expand(v2), empty(v2), true)
 +#define currentCommand         (toggle ? &commandHist0 : &commandHist1)
 +#define lastCommand            (toggle ? &commandHist1 : &commandHist0)
 +
 +//
 +// Interface to the terminal
 +extern Glyph const styleCommand, styleSearch;
 +extern NormalModeShortcuts normalModeShortcuts[];
 +extern size_t const amountNormalModeShortcuts;
 +extern char wordDelimSmall[];
 +extern char wordDelimLarge[];
 +extern unsigned int fgCommandYank, fgCommandVisual, fgCommandVisualLine,
 +       bgCommandYank, bgCommandVisual, bgCommandVisualLine, bgPos, fgPos;
 +
 +extern void selclear(void);
 +extern void tsetdirt(int, int);
 +extern size_t utf8encode(Rune, char *);
 +extern size_t utf8decode(const char *, Rune *, size_t);
 +extern size_t utf8decodebyte(char c, size_t *i);
 +
 +extern void selextend(int, int, int, int, int);
 +extern void selstart(int, int, int, int);
 +extern char *getsel(void);
 +extern void tfulldirt(void);
 +
 +//
 +// `Private` structs
 +typedef struct { uint32_t x; uint32_t y; uint32_t yScr; } Position;
 +
 +/// Entire normal mode state, consisting of an operation and a motion.
 +typedef struct {
 +	Position initialPosition;
 +	struct OperationState {
 +		enum Operation {
 +			noop = ' ', visual='v', visualLine='V', yank = 'y' } op;
 +		Position startPosition;
 +		enum Infix { infix_none = 0, infix_i = 1, infix_a = 2, } infix;
 +	} command;
 +	struct MotionState {
 +		uint32_t amount;
 +		enum Search {none, forward, backward} search;
 +		Position searchPosition;
 +		bool finished;
 +	} motion;
 +} NormalModeState;
 +
 +/// Default state if no operation is performed.
 +NormalModeState defaultNormalMode = {
 +	{0,0,0},    {noop, {0, 0, 0}, false},   {0, none, {0, 0, 0}, true}
 +};
 +NormalModeState stateVB = {
 +	{0,0,0},    {noop, {0, 0, 0}, false},   {0, none, {0, 0, 0}, true}
 +};
 +
 +DynamicArray searchString =  UTF8_ARRAY;
 +DynamicArray commandHist0 =  UTF8_ARRAY;
 +DynamicArray commandHist1 =  UTF8_ARRAY;
 +DynamicArray highlights   = DWORD_ARRAY;
 +
 +/// History command toggle
 +static bool toggle = false;
 +
 +//
 +// Utility functions
 +static inline int intervalDiff(int v, int a, int b) {
 +	return (v < a) ? (v - a) : ((v > b) ? (v - b) : 0);
 +}
 +static inline void swap(DynamicArray *const a, DynamicArray *const b) {
 +	DynamicArray tmp = *a; *a = *b; *b = tmp;
 +}
 +static inline int max(int a, int b) { return a > b ? a : b; }
 +static inline int min(int a, int b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
 +static inline int mod(int a, int b) { for (; a < 0; a += b); return a % b; }
 +static inline bool contains (char c, char const * values, uint32_t memSize) {
 +	ENSURE(values != NULL, return false);
 +	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memSize; ++i) if (c == values[i]) return true;
 +	return false;
 +}
 +static inline void applyPosition(Position const *pos) {
 +	ENSURE(pos != NULL, return);
 +	term.c.x = pos->x;
 +	term.c.y = pos->y;
 +	term.scr = pos->yScr;
 +}
 +static inline int getSearchDirection(void) {
 +	return stateVB.motion.search == forward ? 1 : -1;
 +}
 +
 +//  Utilities for working with the current version of the scrollback patch.
 +static bool moveLine(int32_t const amount) {
 +	int32_t const reqShift = intervalDiff(term.c.y+=amount, 0, term.row-1);
 +	term.c.y -= reqShift;
 +	int32_t const sDiff = intervalDiff(term.scr-=reqShift, 0, HISTSIZE-1);
 +	term.scr -= sDiff;
 +	return sDiff == 0;
 +}
 +
 +static void moveLetter(int32_t const amount) {
 +	int32_t value = (term.c.x += amount) / term.col;
 +	if (value -= (term.c.x < 0)) {
 +		term.c.x = moveLine(value) ? mod(term.c.x, term.col)
 +			: max(min(term.c.x,term.col - 1), 0);
 +	}
 +	assert(BETWEEN(term.c.x,0,term.col-1)&&BETWEEN(term.c.y,0,term.row-1));
 +}
 +
 +//
 +// `Private` functions:
 +
 +// Functions: Temporarily display string on screen.
 +
 +/// Display string at end of a specified line without writing it into the buffer
 +/// @param str  string that is to be displayed
 +/// @param g    glyph
 +/// @param yPos
 +static void
 +displayString(DynamicArray const *str, Glyph const *g, int yPos, bool prePos) {
 +	ENSURE((str != NULL) && (g != NULL) && (term.row > 0), return);
 +	ENSURE(yPos >= 0, yPos = 0);
 +	ENSURE(yPos < term.row, yPos = term.row - 1);
 +	// Arbritary limit to avoid withhelding too much info from user.
 +	int const maxFractionOverridden = 3;
 +	// Threshold: if there is no space to print, do not print, but transfer
 +	//            repsonsibility for printing back to [st].
 +	if (term.col < maxFractionOverridden) {                        // (0)
 +		term.dirty[yPos] = 1;
 +		return;
 +	}
 +	int32_t const botSz = prePos * 6; //< sz for position indication
 +	// Determine the dimensions of used chunk of screen.
 +	int32_t const overrideSize = min(size(str) + botSz,
 +			term.col / maxFractionOverridden);             // (1)
 +	int32_t const overrideEnd = term.col - 2;
 +	// Has to follow trivially hence th assert:
 +	// overrideSize <(1)= term.col/3  <(0)= term.col = overrideEnd + 1.
 +	assert(overrideSize <= overrideEnd + 1);
 +	int32_t const overrideStart = 1 + overrideEnd - overrideSize;
 +	// display history[history.size() - (overrideSize - botSz)::-1]
 +	Glyph *SEC(line, malloc(sizeof(Glyph) * (overrideSize)),,)
 +	int32_t offset = (size(str) - overrideSize - 1 + botSz) * str->itemSize;
 +	for (uint32_t chr = 0; chr < overrideSize - botSz; ++chr) {
 +		line[chr] = *g;
 +		line[chr].u = *((Rune*) (str->content+(offset+=str->itemSize)));
 +	}
 +	if (prePos) {
 +		ENSURE(term.scr < HISTSIZE, term.scr = HISTSIZE - 1);
 +		int32_t const p=round((HISTSIZE-1-term.scr)*100./(HISTSIZE-1));
 +		char prc [8];
 +		switch (term.scr) {
 +			case HISTSIZE - 1: strcpy(prc, " [TOP]"); break;
 +			case 0:            strcpy(prc, " [BOT]"); break;
 +			default:           sprintf(prc, " % 3d%c  ", p, '%');
 +		}
 +		for (uint32_t chr = 0; chr < botSz; ++chr) {
 +			line[chr + overrideSize - botSz] =*g;
 +			line[chr + overrideSize - botSz].fg = fgPos;
 +			line[chr + overrideSize - botSz].bg = bgPos;
 +			utf8decode(&prc[chr],&line[chr+overrideSize-botSz].u,1);
 +		}
 +		line[overrideSize - botSz] =*g;
 +	}
 +	xdrawline(TLINE(yPos), 0, yPos, overrideStart);
 +	term.c.y -= term.row; term.c.x -= term.col; // not highlight hack
 +	xdrawline(line-overrideStart, overrideStart, yPos, overrideEnd + 1);
 +	term.c.y += term.row; term.c.x += term.col;
 +	free(line);
 +}
 +
 +static inline void printCommandString(void) {
 +	Glyph g = styleCommand;
 +	switch(stateVB.command.op) {
 +		case yank: g.fg = fgCommandYank; g.bg = bgCommandYank; break;
 +		case visual: g.fg=fgCommandVisual; g.bg=bgCommandVisual; break;
 +		case visualLine: g.fg=fgCommandVisualLine;
 +				 g.bg=bgCommandVisualLine;
 +	}
 +	displayString(isEmpty(currentCommand) ? lastCommand : currentCommand,
 +			&g, term.row - 1, true);
 +}
 +
 +static inline void printSearchString(void) {
 +	displayString(&searchString, &styleSearch, term.row - 2, false);
 +}
 +
 +// NormalMode Operation / Motion utilies.
 +
 +static inline bool isMotionFinished(void) { return stateVB.motion.finished; }
 +
 +static inline void finishMotion(void) { stateVB.motion.finished = true; }
 +
 +static inline bool isOperationFinished(void) {
 +	return stateVB.command.op==noop && stateVB.command.infix==infix_none;
 +}
 +
 +/// Register that the current comamnd is finished and a new command is lgoged
 +static inline  void startNewCommand(bool abort) {
 +	if (!abort) { toggle = !toggle; }
 +	empty(currentCommand);
 +}
 +
 +static inline void finishOperation(void) {
 +	stateVB.command = defaultNormalMode.command;
 +	assert(isOperationFinished());
 +	// After an operation is finished, the selection has to be released and
 +	// no highlights are to be released.
 +	selclear();
 +	empty(&highlights);
 +	// THe command string is reset for a new command.
 +	startNewCommand(true);
 +}
 +
 +static inline void enableOperation(enum Operation o) {
 +	finishOperation();
 +	stateVB.command.op = o;
 +	stateVB.command.infix = infix_none;
 +	stateVB.command.startPosition.x = term.c.x;
 +	stateVB.command.startPosition.y = term.c.y;
 +	stateVB.command.startPosition.yScr = term.scr;
 +}
 +
 +/// @param abort: If enabled, the command exits without registering
 +/// @return       Whether the the application is ready to yield control back to
 +//the normal command flow
 +static bool terminateCommand(bool abort) {
 +	bool const exitOperation = isMotionFinished();
 +	bool exitNormalMode = false;
 +	finishMotion();
 +
 +	if (exitOperation) {
 +		exitNormalMode = isOperationFinished();
 +		finishOperation();
 +	}
 +	printCommandString();
 +	printSearchString();
 +	return exitNormalMode;
 +}
 +
 +static inline void exitCommand(void) { terminateCommand(false); }
 +
 +static inline void abortCommand(void) { terminateCommand(true); }
 +
 +/// Go to next occurrence of string relative to the current location
 +/// conduct search, starting at start pos
 +static bool gotoString(int8_t sign) {
 +	moveLetter(sign);
 +	uint32_t const searchStrSize = size(&searchString);
 +	uint32_t const maxIter = (HISTSIZE+term.row) * term.col + searchStrSize;
 +	uint32_t findIdx = 0;
 +	for (uint32_t cIteration = 0; findIdx < searchStrSize
 +			&& ++cIteration <= maxIter; moveLetter(sign)) {
 +		char const * const SEC(next, sign==1
 +				? view(&searchString, findIdx)
 +				: viewEnd(&searchString, findIdx), , false)
 +		uint32_t const searchChar = *((uint32_t*) next);
 +
 +		if (TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x].u == searchChar) { ++findIdx; }
 +		else { findIdx = 0; }
 +	}
 +	bool const found = findIdx == searchStrSize;
 +	for (uint32_t i = 0; found && i < searchStrSize; ++i) moveLetter(-sign);
 +	return found;
 +}
 +
 +/// Highlight all found strings on the current screen.
 +static void highlightStringOnScreen(void) {
 +	if (isEmpty(&searchString)) { return; }
 +	empty(&highlights);
 +	uint32_t const searchStringSize = size(&searchString);
 +	uint32_t findIdx = 0;
 +	uint32_t xStart, yStart;
 +	bool success = true;
 +	for (int y = 0; y < term.row && success; y++) {
 +		for (int x = 0; x < term.col && success; x++) {
 +			char const* const SEC(next,
 +					view(&searchString,findIdx),,)
 +			if (TLINE(y)[x].u == (Rune) *((uint32_t*)(next))) {
 +				if (++findIdx == 1) {
 +					xStart = x;
 +					yStart = y;
 +				}
 +				if (findIdx == searchStringSize) {
 +					success = success
 +						&& append(&highlights, &xStart)
 +						&& append(&highlights, &yStart);
 +					findIdx = 0; //term.dirty[yStart] = 1;
 +				}
 +			} else { findIdx = 0; }
 +		}
 +	}
 +	if (!success) { empty(&highlights); }
 +}
 +
 +static bool gotoStringAndHighlight(int8_t sign) {
 +      	// Find hte next occurrence of the #searchString in direction #sign
 +	bool const found = gotoString(sign);
 +	if (!found) {  applyPosition(&stateVB.motion.searchPosition); }
 +	highlightStringOnScreen();
 +	//tsetdirt(0, term.row-3); //< everything except for the 'status bar'
 +	return found;
 +}
 +
 +static bool pressKeys(char const* nullTerminatedString, size_t end) {
 +        bool sc = true;
 +	for (size_t i = 0; i < end && sc; ++i) {
 +		sc = kpressNormalMode(&nullTerminatedString[i], 1, false, NULL);
 +	}
 +	return sc;
 +}
 +
 +static bool executeCommand(DynamicArray const *command) {
 +	size_t end=size(command);
 +	char decoded [32];
 +	bool succ = true;
 +	size_t len;
 +	for (size_t i = 0; i < end && succ; ++i) {
 +		char const *const SEC(nextRune, view(command, i),,false)
 +		len = utf8encode(*((Rune *) nextRune), decoded);
 +		succ = kpressNormalMode(decoded, len, false, NULL);
 +	}
 +	return succ;
 +}
 +
 +struct { char const first; char const second; } const Brackets [] =
 +{ {'(', ')'}, {'<', '>'}, {'{', '}'}, {'[', ']'}, };
 +
 +
 +/// Emits Command prefix and suffix when i motion is performed (e.g. yiw).
 +///
 +/// @param c:             motion character
 +/// @param expandMode:    1 for 'i', 2 for 'a'
 +/// @param first, second: Dynamic arrays in which the prefix and postfix
 +///                       commands will be returned
 +/// @return               whether the command could be extracted successfully.
 +static bool expandExpression(char const c, enum Infix expandMode,
 +		char operation, DynamicArray *cmd) {
 +	empty(cmd);
 +	bool s = true; //< used in order to detect memory allocation errors.
 +	char const lower = tolower(c);
 +	// Motions
 +	if (lower == 'w') {
 +		// translated into wb[command]e resp. WB[command]E, which works
 +		// file even when at the fist letter. Does not work for single
 +		// letter words though.
 +		int const diff = c - lower;
 +		s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, c);
 +		s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, (signed char)(((int)'b') + diff));
 +		s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, operation);
 +		s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, (signed char)(((int)'e')+ diff));
 +		return s;
 +	}
 +	// Symmetrical brackets (quotation marks)
 +	if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
 +		// Local ambiguity -> do nothing. It cannot be determined if
 +		// the current char is the 1st or last char of the selection.
 +		//  <---- search here? -- ['] -- or search here? --->
 +		if (TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x].u == c) {
 +			return false;
 +		}
 +		// Prefix
 +		char res [] = {'?', c, '\n'};
 +		s = s && checkSetNextP(cmd, res);
 +		// infix
 +		bool const iffy = expandMode == infix_i;
 +		if (iffy) { s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, 'l'); }
 +		s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, operation);
 +		if (!iffy) { s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, 'l'); }
 +		// suffix
 +		res[0] = '/';
 +		s = s && checkSetNextP(cmd, res);
 +		if (iffy) { s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, 'h'); }
 +		return s;
 +	}
 +	// Brackets: Does not if in range / if the brackets belong togehter.
 +	for (size_t pid = 0; pid < sizeof(Brackets); ++pid) {
 +		if(Brackets[pid].first == c || Brackets[pid].second == c) {
 +			if (TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x].u!=Brackets[pid].first) {
 +				s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, '?');
 +				s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, Brackets[pid].first);
 +				s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, '\n');
 +			}
 +			bool const iffy = expandMode == infix_i;
 +			if (iffy) { s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, 'l'); }
 +			s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, operation);
 +			if (!iffy) { s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, 'l'); }
 +			s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, '/');
 +			s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, Brackets[pid].second);
 +			s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, '\n');
 +			if (iffy) { s = s && checkSetNextV(cmd, 'h'); }
 +			return s;
 +		}
 +	}
 +	/**/
 +	// search string
 +	// complicated search operation: <tag>
 +	if (c == 't') {
 +		// XXX: (Bug in vim: @vit )
 +		// <tag_name attr="hier" a2="\<sch\>"> [current pos] </tag_name>
 +
 +		// 1. Copy history ( tag := hist[?<\n:/ \n] )
 +		// 2. Copy history ( first_find := hist[?<\n: next place in
 +		//                   history where count '>' > count '<'
 +		//                   (can be behind current pos) )
 +		// 3. first := [?first_find][#first_ind]l
 +		//    second:= [/tag">"]h
 +		//return true; // XXX: not implmented yet.
 +	}
 +	return false;
 +}
 +
 +//
 +// Public API
 +//
 +
 +void onMove(void) {
 +	stateVB.initialPosition.x = term.c.x;
 +	stateVB.initialPosition.y = term.c.y;
 +	stateVB.initialPosition.yScr = term.scr;
 +}
 +
 +int highlighted(int x, int y) {
 +	// Compute the legal bounds for a hit:
 +	int32_t const stringSize = size(&searchString);
 +	int32_t xMin = x - stringSize;
 +	int32_t yMin = y;
 +	while (xMin < 0 && yMin > 0) {
 +		xMin += term.col;
 +		--yMin;
 +	}
 +	if (xMin < 0) { xMin = 0; }
 +
 +	uint32_t highSize = size(&highlights);
 +	ENSURE(highSize % 2 == 0, empty(&highlights); return false;);
 +	highSize /= 2;
 +	uint32_t *ptr = (uint32_t*) highlights.content;
 +	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < highSize; ++i) {
 +		int32_t const sx = (int32_t) *(ptr++);
 +		int32_t const sy = (int32_t) *(ptr++);
 +		if (BETWEEN(sy, yMin, y) && (sy != yMin || sx > xMin)
 +				&& (sy != y || sx <= x)) {
 +			return true;
 +		}
 +	}
 +	return false;
 +}
 +
 +ExitState kpressNormalMode(char const * cs, int len, bool ctrl, void const *v) {
 +	KeySym const * const ksym = (KeySym*) v;
 +	bool const esc = ksym &&  *ksym == XK_Escape;
 +	bool const enter = (ksym && *ksym==XK_Return) || (len==1 &&cs[0]=='\n');
 +	bool const quantifier = len == 1 && (BETWEEN(cs[0], 49, 57)
 +			|| (cs[0] == 48 && stateVB.motion.amount));
 +	int const previousScroll = term.scr;
 +	// [ESC] or [ENTER] abort resp. finish the current level of operation.
 +	// Typing 'i' if no operation is currently performed behaves like ESC.
 +	if (esc || enter || (len == 1 && cs[0] == 'i' && isMotionFinished()
 +				&& isOperationFinished())) {
 +		if (terminateCommand(!enter)) {
 +			applyPosition(&stateVB.initialPosition);
 +			Position const pc = stateVB.initialPosition;
 +			stateVB = defaultNormalMode;
 +			stateVB.initialPosition = pc;
 +			tfulldirt();
 +			return finished;
 +		}
 +		len = 0;
 +		goto motionFinish;
 +	}
 +	// Backspace
 +	if (ksym && *ksym == XK_BackSpace) {
 +		bool s = stateVB.motion.search!=none&&!stateVB.motion.finished;
 +		bool q = stateVB.motion.amount != 0;
 +		if (!(s || q)) { return failed; }
 +		len = 0;
 +
 +		if (!isEmpty(currentCommand)) { pop(currentCommand); }
 +		if (s) {
 +			if (!isEmpty(&searchString)) { pop(&searchString); }
 +			else if (isEmpty(&searchString)) {
 +				exitCommand();
 +				return success;
 +			}
 +		} else if (q) {
 +			stateVB.motion.amount /= 10;
 +			goto finishNoAppend;
 +		}
 +	}
 +
 +	// Search: append to search string, then search & highlight
 +	if (stateVB.motion.search != none && !stateVB.motion.finished) {
 +		if (len >= 1) {
 +			EXPAND(kSearch, &searchString, true)
 +			utf8decode(cs, (Rune*)(kSearch), len);
 +		}
 +		applyPosition(&stateVB.motion.searchPosition);
 +		gotoStringAndHighlight(getSearchDirection());
 +		goto finish;
 +	}
 +	if (len == 0) { return failed; }
 +	// Quantifiers
 +	if (quantifier) {
 +		stateVB.motion.amount = min(SHRT_MAX,
 +				stateVB.motion.amount * 10 + cs[0] - 48);
 +		goto finish;
 +	}
 +	// 'i' mode enabled, hence the expression is to be expanded:
 +	// [start_expression(cs[0])] [operation] [stop_expression(cs[0])]
 +	if (stateVB.command.infix != infix_none && stateVB.command.op != noop) {
 +		DynamicArray cmd = CHAR_ARRAY;
 +		char const operation = stateVB.command.op;
 +		bool succ = expandExpression(cs[0],
 +				stateVB.command.infix, visual, &cmd);
 +		if (operation == yank) {
 +			succ = succ && checkSetNextV(&cmd, operation);
 +		}
 +		NormalModeState const st = stateVB;
 +		TCursor         const tc = term.c;
 +		stateVB.command.infix    = infix_none;
 +		if (succ) {
 +			stateVB.command.op = noop;
 +			for (int i = 0; i < size(&cmd) && succ; ++i) {
 +				succ = pressKeys(&cmd.content[i], 1);
 +			}
 +			if (!succ) { // go back to the old position, apply op
 +				stateVB = st;
 +				term.c = tc;
 +			}
 +			empty(currentCommand);
 +			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size(&cmd); ++i) {
 +				EXPAND(kCommand, currentCommand, true)
 +				utf8decode(cmd.content+i, (Rune*)(kCommand),1);
 +			}
 +		}
 +		free(cmd.content);
 +		goto finishNoAppend;
 +	}
 +	// Commands (V / v or y)
 +	switch(cs[0]) {
 +		case '.':
 +		{
 +			if (isEmpty(currentCommand)) { toggle = !toggle; }
 +			DynamicArray cmd = UTF8_ARRAY;
 +			swap(&cmd, currentCommand);
 +			executeCommand(&cmd) ? success : failed;
 +			swap(&cmd, currentCommand);
 +			free(cmd.content);
 +			goto finishNoAppend;
 +		}
 +		case 'i': stateVB.command.infix = infix_i; goto finish;
 +		case 'a': stateVB.command.infix = infix_a; goto finish;
 +		case 'y':
 +			switch(stateVB.command.op) {
 +				case noop: //< Start yank mode & set #op
 +					enableOperation(yank);
 +					selstart(term.c.x, term.c.y,term.scr,0);
 +					goto finish;
 +				case yank: //< Complete yank [y#amount j]
 +					selstart(0, term.c.y, term.scr, 0);
 +					int const origY = term.c.y;
 +					moveLine(max(stateVB.motion.amount, 1));
 +					selextend(term.col-1,term.c.y,term.scr,
 +							SEL_RECTANGULAR, 0);
 +					term.c.y = origY;
 +					FALLTHROUGH
 +				case visualLine: // Yank visual selection
 +				case visual:
 +					xsetsel(getsel());
 +					xclipcopy();
 +					exitCommand();
 +					goto finish;
 +				default:
 +					return failed;
 +			}
 +		case visual:
 +		case visualLine:
 +			if (stateVB.command.op == cs[0]) {
 +				finishOperation();
 +				return true;
 +			} else {
 +				enableOperation(cs[0]);
 +				selstart(cs[0] == visualLine ? 0 : term.c.x,
 +						term.c.y, term.scr, 0);
 +				goto finish;
 +			}
 +	}
 +	// CTRL Motions
 +	int32_t sign = -1;    //< if command goes 'forward'(1) or 'backward'(-1)
 +	if (ctrl) {
 +		if (ksym == NULL) { return false; }
 +		switch(*ksym) {
 +			case XK_f:
 +				term.scr = max(term.scr - max(term.row-2,1), 0);
 +				term.c.y = 0;
 +				goto finish;
 +			case XK_b:
 +				term.scr = min(term.scr + max(term.row - 2, 1),
 +						HISTSIZE - 1);
 +				term.c.y = term.bot;
 +				goto finish;
 +			case XK_u:
 +				term.scr = min(term.scr+term.row/2, HISTSIZE-1);
 +				goto finish;
 +			case XK_d:
 +				term.scr = max(term.scr - term.row / 2, 0);
 +				goto finish;
 +			default: return false;
 +		}
 +	}
 +	// Motions
 +	switch(cs[0]) {
 +		case 'c': empty(&commandHist0); empty(&commandHist1);
 +			  goto finishNoAppend;
 +		case 'j': sign = 1; FALLTHROUGH
 +		case 'k': moveLine(max(stateVB.motion.amount,1) * sign);
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +		case 'H': term.c.y = 0;
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +		case 'M': term.c.y = term.bot / 2;
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +		case 'L': term.c.y = term.bot;
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +		case 'G': applyPosition(&stateVB.initialPosition);
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +		case 'l': sign = 1; FALLTHROUGH
 +		case 'h': moveLetter(sign * max(stateVB.motion.amount,1));
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +		case '0': term.c.x = 0;
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +		case '$': term.c.x = term.col-1;
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +		case 'w': FALLTHROUGH
 +		case 'W': FALLTHROUGH
 +		case 'e': FALLTHROUGH
 +		case 'E': sign = 1; FALLTHROUGH
 +		case 'B': FALLTHROUGH
 +		case 'b': {
 +			char const * const wDelim =
 +				cs[0] <= 90 ? wordDelimLarge : wordDelimSmall;
 +			uint32_t const wDelimLen = strlen(wDelim);
 +
 +			bool const startSpaceIsSeparator =
 +				!(cs[0] == 'w' || cs[0] == 'W');
 +			// Whether to start & end with offset:
 +			bool const performOffset = startSpaceIsSeparator;
 +			// Max iteration := One complete hist traversal.
 +			uint32_t const maxIter = (HISTSIZE+term.row) * term.col;
 +			// Doesn't work exactly as in vim: Linebreak is
 +			// counted as 'normal' separator, hence a jump can
 +			// span multiple lines here.
 +			stateVB.motion.amount = max(stateVB.motion.amount, 1);
 +			for (;stateVB.motion.amount>0;--stateVB.motion.amount) {
 +				uint8_t state = 0;
 +				if (performOffset) { moveLetter(sign); }
 +				for (uint32_t cIt = 0; cIt ++ < maxIter; moveLetter(sign)) {
 +					if (startSpaceIsSeparator == contains(TLINE(term.c.y)[term.c.x].u, wDelim, wDelimLen)) {
 +						if (state == 1) {
 +							if (performOffset) {
 +								moveLetter(-sign);
 +							}
 +							break;
 +						}
 +					} else if (state == 0) { state = 1; }
 +				}
 +			}
 +			goto motionFinish;
 +		}
 +		case '/': sign = 1; FALLTHROUGH
 +		case '?':
 +			  empty(&searchString);
 +			  stateVB.motion.search = sign == 1 ? forward : backward;
 +			  stateVB.motion.searchPosition.x = term.c.x;
 +			  stateVB.motion.searchPosition.y = term.c.y;
 +			  stateVB.motion.searchPosition.yScr = term.scr;
 +			  stateVB.motion.finished = false;
 +			  goto finish;
 +		case 'n': sign = 1; FALLTHROUGH
 +		case 'N': {
 +			if (stateVB.motion.search == none) return failed;
 +			if (stateVB.motion.search == backward) { sign *= -1; }
 +			bool b = true; int ox = term.c.x;
 +			int oy = term.c.y ; int scr = term.scr;
 +			int32_t i = max(stateVB.motion.amount, 1);
 +			for (;i>0 && (b=gotoString(sign)); --i) {
 +                          oy = term.c.y; scr = term.scr;
 +			}
 +			if (!b) { term.c.x = ox; term.c.y = oy; term.scr = scr;}
 +			goto motionFinish;
 +		}
 +		case 't': // Toggle selection mode and set dirt.
 +			  sel.type = sel.type == SEL_REGULAR
 +				  ? SEL_RECTANGULAR : SEL_REGULAR;
 +			  //tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
 +			  goto motionFinish;
 +	}
 +	// Custom commands
 +	for (size_t i = 0; i < amountNormalModeShortcuts; ++i) {
 +		if (cs[0] == normalModeShortcuts[i].key) {
 +			return pressKeys(normalModeShortcuts[i].value,
 +					strlen(normalModeShortcuts[i].value))
 +					? success : failed;
 +		}
 +	}
 +	return failed;
 +motionFinish:
 +	stateVB.motion.amount = 0;
 +	//if (isMotionFinished() && stateVB.command.op == yank) {
 +	if (stateVB.command.op == yank) {
 +		selextend(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.scr, sel.type, 0);
 +		xsetsel(getsel());
 +		xclipcopy();
 +		exitCommand();
 +	}
 +finish:
 +	if (len == 1 && !ctrl) { // XXX: for now.
 +		EXPAND(kCommand, currentCommand, true)
 +		utf8decode(cs, (Rune*)(kCommand), len);
 +	}
 +finishNoAppend:
 +	if (stateVB.command.op == visual) {
 +		selextend(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.scr, sel.type, 0);
 +	} else if (stateVB.command.op == visualLine) {
 +		selextend(term.col-1, term.c.y, term.scr, sel.type, 0);
 +	}
 +
 +	if (previousScroll != term.scr && !isEmpty(&searchString)) {
 +		highlightStringOnScreen();
 +	}
 +	tsetdirt(0, term.row-3); //< Required because of the cursor cross.
 +	printCommandString();
 +	printSearchString();
 +	return success;
 +}
 diff --git a/normalMode.h b/normalMode.h
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..7d88259
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/normalMode.h
 @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
 +/* See LICENSE for license details. */
 +#ifndef NORMAL_MODE_H
 +#define NORMAL_MODE_H
 +
 +#include <stdbool.h>
 +#include <stddef.h>
 +#include <stdint.h>
 +
 +/// Used in the configuration file to define custom shortcuts.
 +typedef struct NormalModeShortcuts {
 +	char key;
 +	char *value;
 +} NormalModeShortcuts;
 +
 +/// Holds the exit status of the #kpressNormalMode function, which informs the
 +/// caller when to exit normal mode.
 +typedef enum ExitState {
 +	failed = 0,
 +	success = 1,
 +	finished = 2,
 +} ExitState;
 +
 +/// Called when curr position is altered.
 +void onMove(void);
 +
 +/// Function which returns whether the value at position provided as arguments
 +/// is to be highlighted.
 +int highlighted(int, int);
 +
 +/// Handles keys in normal mode.
 +ExitState kpressNormalMode(char const * decoded, int len, bool ctrlPressed,
 +		void const * ksym);
 +		//bool esc, bool enter, bool backspace, void* keysym);
 +
 +
 +#endif // NORMAL_MODE_H
 diff --git a/st.c b/st.c
 index 3e48410..d8bf7ab 100644
 --- a/st.c
 +++ b/st.c
 @@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
  /* See LICENSE for license details. */
 +#include <assert.h>
  #include <ctype.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <limits.h>
 +#include <math.h>
  #include <pwd.h>
  #include <stdarg.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
 @@ -17,6 +19,8 @@
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <wchar.h>
  
 +
 +#include "term.h"
  #include "st.h"
  #include "win.h"
  
 @@ -42,6 +46,7 @@
  #define ISCONTROLC1(c)		(BETWEEN(c, 0x80, 0x9f))
  #define ISCONTROL(c)		(ISCONTROLC0(c) || ISCONTROLC1(c))
  #define ISDELIM(u)		(u && wcschr(worddelimiters, u))
 +#define INTERVAL(x, a, b)	(x) < (a) ? (a) : (x) > (b) ? (b) : (x)
  
  enum term_mode {
  	MODE_WRAP        = 1 << 0,
 @@ -86,51 +91,6 @@ enum escape_state {
  	ESC_DCS        =128,
  };
  
 -typedef struct {
 -	Glyph attr; /* current char attributes */
 -	int x;
 -	int y;
 -	char state;
 -} TCursor;
 -
 -typedef struct {
 -	int mode;
 -	int type;
 -	int snap;
 -	/*
 -	 * Selection variables:
 -	 * nb – normalized coordinates of the beginning of the selection
 -	 * ne – normalized coordinates of the end of the selection
 -	 * ob – original coordinates of the beginning of the selection
 -	 * oe – original coordinates of the end of the selection
 -	 */
 -	struct {
 -		int x, y;
 -	} nb, ne, ob, oe;
 -
 -	int alt;
 -} Selection;
 -
 -/* Internal representation of the screen */
 -typedef struct {
 -	int row;      /* nb row */
 -	int col;      /* nb col */
 -	Line *line;   /* screen */
 -	Line *alt;    /* alternate screen */
 -	int *dirty;   /* dirtyness of lines */
 -	TCursor c;    /* cursor */
 -	int ocx;      /* old cursor col */
 -	int ocy;      /* old cursor row */
 -	int top;      /* top    scroll limit */
 -	int bot;      /* bottom scroll limit */
 -	int mode;     /* terminal mode flags */
 -	int esc;      /* escape state flags */
 -	char trantbl[4]; /* charset table translation */
 -	int charset;  /* current charset */
 -	int icharset; /* selected charset for sequence */
 -	int *tabs;
 -} Term;
 -
  /* CSI Escape sequence structs */
  /* ESC '[' [[ [<priv>] <arg> [;]] <mode> [<mode>]] */
  typedef struct {
 @@ -153,6 +113,8 @@ typedef struct {
  	int narg;              /* nb of args */
  } STREscape;
  
 +void tfulldirt(void);
 +
  static void execsh(char *, char **);
  static void stty(char **);
  static void sigchld(int);
 @@ -185,16 +147,14 @@ static void tnewline(int);
  static void tputtab(int);
  static void tputc(Rune);
  static void treset(void);
 -static void tscrollup(int, int);
 -static void tscrolldown(int, int);
 +static void tscrollup(int, int, int);
 +static void tscrolldown(int, int, int);
  static void tsetattr(int *, int);
  static void tsetchar(Rune, Glyph *, int, int);
 -static void tsetdirt(int, int);
  static void tsetscroll(int, int);
  static void tswapscreen(void);
  static void tsetmode(int, int, int *, int);
  static int twrite(const char *, int, int);
 -static void tfulldirt(void);
  static void tcontrolcode(uchar );
  static void tdectest(char );
  static void tdefutf8(char);
 @@ -208,8 +168,6 @@ static void selnormalize(void);
  static void selscroll(int, int);
  static void selsnap(int *, int *, int);
  
 -static size_t utf8decode(const char *, Rune *, size_t);
 -static Rune utf8decodebyte(char, size_t *);
  static char utf8encodebyte(Rune, size_t);
  static size_t utf8validate(Rune *, size_t);
  
 @@ -219,8 +177,8 @@ static char base64dec_getc(const char **);
  static ssize_t xwrite(int, const char *, size_t);
  
  /* Globals */
 -static Term term;
 -static Selection sel;
 +Term term;
 +Selection sel;
  static CSIEscape csiescseq;
  static STREscape strescseq;
  static int iofd = 1;
 @@ -414,17 +372,22 @@ tlinelen(int y)
  {
  	int i = term.col;
  
 -	if (term.line[y][i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
 +	if (TLINE(y)[i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
  		return i;
  
 -	while (i > 0 && term.line[y][i - 1].u == ' ')
 +	while (i > 0 && TLINE(y)[i - 1].u == ' ')
  		--i;
  
  	return i;
  }
  
  void
 -selstart(int col, int row, int snap)
 +xselstart(int col, int row, int snap) {
 +	selstart(col, row, term.scr, snap);
 +}
 +
 +void
 +selstart(int col, int row, int scroll, int snap)
  {
  	selclear();
  	sel.mode = SEL_EMPTY;
 @@ -433,6 +396,7 @@ selstart(int col, int row, int snap)
  	sel.snap = snap;
  	sel.oe.x = sel.ob.x = col;
  	sel.oe.y = sel.ob.y = row;
 +	sel.oe.scroll = sel.ob.scroll = scroll;
  	selnormalize();
  
  	if (sel.snap != 0)
 @@ -441,10 +405,13 @@ selstart(int col, int row, int snap)
  }
  
  void
 -selextend(int col, int row, int type, int done)
 -{
 -	int oldey, oldex, oldsby, oldsey, oldtype;
 +xselextend(int col, int row, int type, int done) {
 +	selextend(col, row, term.scr, type, done);
 +}
  
 +void
 +selextend(int col, int row, int scroll, int type, int done)
 +{
  	if (sel.mode == SEL_IDLE)
  		return;
  	if (done && sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY) {
 @@ -452,18 +419,22 @@ selextend(int col, int row, int type, int done)
  		return;
  	}
  
 -	oldey = sel.oe.y;
 -	oldex = sel.oe.x;
 -	oldsby = sel.nb.y;
 -	oldsey = sel.ne.y;
 -	oldtype = sel.type;
 +	int const oldey = sel.oe.y;
 +	int const oldex = sel.oe.x;
 +	int const oldscroll = sel.oe.scroll;
 +	int const oldsby = sel.nb.y;
 +	int const oldsey = sel.ne.y;
 +	int const oldtype = sel.type;
  
  	sel.oe.x = col;
  	sel.oe.y = row;
 +	sel.oe.scroll = scroll;
 +
  	selnormalize();
  	sel.type = type;
  
 -	if (oldey != sel.oe.y || oldex != sel.oe.x || oldtype != sel.type || sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY)
 +	if (oldey != sel.oe.y || oldex != sel.oe.x || oldscroll != sel.oe.scroll
 +			|| oldtype != sel.type || sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY)
  		tsetdirt(MIN(sel.nb.y, oldsby), MAX(sel.ne.y, oldsey));
  
  	sel.mode = done ? SEL_IDLE : SEL_READY;
 @@ -472,17 +443,21 @@ selextend(int col, int row, int type, int done)
  void
  selnormalize(void)
  {
 -	int i;
 -
 -	if (sel.type == SEL_REGULAR && sel.ob.y != sel.oe.y) {
 -		sel.nb.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.ob.x : sel.oe.x;
 -		sel.ne.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.oe.x : sel.ob.x;
 +	sel.nb.y = INTERVAL(sel.ob.y + term.scr - sel.ob.scroll, 0, term.bot);
 +	sel.ne.y = INTERVAL(sel.oe.y + term.scr - sel.oe.scroll, 0, term.bot);
 +	if (sel.type == SEL_REGULAR && sel.nb.y != sel.ne.y) {
 +		sel.nb.x = sel.nb.y < sel.ne.y ? sel.ob.x : sel.oe.x;
 +		sel.ne.x = sel.nb.y < sel.ne.y ? sel.oe.x : sel.ob.x;
  	} else {
  		sel.nb.x = MIN(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
  		sel.ne.x = MAX(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
  	}
 -	sel.nb.y = MIN(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
 -	sel.ne.y = MAX(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
 +
 +	if (sel.nb.y > sel.ne.y) {
 +		int32_t const tmp = sel.nb.y;
 +		sel.nb.y = sel.ne.y;
 +		sel.ne.y = tmp;
 +	}
  
  	selsnap(&sel.nb.x, &sel.nb.y, -1);
  	selsnap(&sel.ne.x, &sel.ne.y, +1);
 @@ -490,7 +465,7 @@ selnormalize(void)
  	/* expand selection over line breaks */
  	if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
  		return;
 -	i = tlinelen(sel.nb.y);
 +	int i = tlinelen(sel.nb.y);
  	if (i < sel.nb.x)
  		sel.nb.x = i;
  	if (tlinelen(sel.ne.y) <= sel.ne.x)
 @@ -526,7 +501,7 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
  		 * Snap around if the word wraps around at the end or
  		 * beginning of a line.
  		 */
 -		prevgp = &term.line[*y][*x];
 +		prevgp = &TLINE(*y)[*x];
  		prevdelim = ISDELIM(prevgp->u);
  		for (;;) {
  			newx = *x + direction;
 @@ -541,14 +516,14 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
  					yt = *y, xt = *x;
  				else
  					yt = newy, xt = newx;
 -				if (!(term.line[yt][xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
 +				if (!(TLINE(yt)[xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
  					break;
  			}
  
  			if (newx >= tlinelen(newy))
  				break;
  
 -			gp = &term.line[newy][newx];
 +			gp = &TLINE(newy)[newx];
  			delim = ISDELIM(gp->u);
  			if (!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim
  					|| (delim && gp->u != prevgp->u)))
 @@ -569,14 +544,14 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
  		*x = (direction < 0) ? 0 : term.col - 1;
  		if (direction < 0) {
  			for (; *y > 0; *y += direction) {
 -				if (!(term.line[*y-1][term.col-1].mode
 +				if (!(TLINE(*y-1)[term.col-1].mode
  						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
  					break;
  				}
  			}
  		} else if (direction > 0) {
  			for (; *y < term.row-1; *y += direction) {
 -				if (!(term.line[*y][term.col-1].mode
 +				if (!(TLINE(*y)[term.col-1].mode
  						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
  					break;
  				}
 @@ -596,24 +571,32 @@ getsel(void)
  	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
  		return NULL;
  
 -	bufsize = (term.col+1) * (sel.ne.y-sel.nb.y+1) * UTF_SIZ;
 +	int32_t syb = sel.ob.y - sel.ob.scroll + term.scr;
 +	int32_t sye = sel.oe.y - sel.oe.scroll + term.scr;
 +	if (syb > sye) {
 +		int32_t tmp = sye;
 +		sye = syb;
 +		syb = tmp;
 +	}
 +
 +	bufsize = (term.col+1) * (sye - syb + 1) * UTF_SIZ;
  	ptr = str = xmalloc(bufsize);
  
  	/* append every set & selected glyph to the selection */
 -	for (y = sel.nb.y; y <= sel.ne.y; y++) {
 +	for (y = syb; y <= sye; y++) {
  		if ((linelen = tlinelen(y)) == 0) {
  			*ptr++ = '\n';
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
 -			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.x];
 +			gp = &TLINE(y)[sel.nb.x];
  			lastx = sel.ne.x;
  		} else {
 -			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
 -			lastx = (sel.ne.y == y) ? sel.ne.x : term.col-1;
 +			gp = &TLINE(y)[syb == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
 +			lastx = (sye == y) ? sel.ne.x : term.col-1;
  		}
 -		last = &term.line[y][MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
 +		last = &TLINE(y)[MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
  		while (last >= gp && last->u == ' ')
  			--last;
  
 @@ -836,6 +819,9 @@ void
  ttywrite(const char *s, size_t n, int may_echo)
  {
  	const char *next;
 +	Arg arg = (Arg) { .i = term.scr };
 +
 +	kscrolldown(&arg);
  
  	if (may_echo && IS_SET(MODE_ECHO))
  		twrite(s, n, 1);
 @@ -1047,13 +1033,53 @@ tswapscreen(void)
  }
  
  void
 -tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
 +kscrolldown(const Arg* a)
 +{
 +	int n = a->i;
 +
 +	if (n < 0)
 +		n = term.row + n;
 +
 +	if (n > term.scr)
 +		n = term.scr;
 +
 +	if (term.scr > 0) {
 +		term.scr -= n;
 +		selscroll(0, -n);
 +		tfulldirt();
 +	}
 +}
 +
 +void
 +kscrollup(const Arg* a)
 +{
 +	int n = a->i;
 +
 +	if (n < 0)
 +		n = term.row + n;
 +
 +	if (term.scr <= HISTSIZE-n) {
 +		term.scr += n;
 +		selscroll(0, n);
 +		tfulldirt();
 +	}
 +}
 +
 +void
 +tscrolldown(int orig, int n, int copyhist)
  {
  	int i;
  	Line temp;
  
  	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
  
 +	if (copyhist) {
 +		term.histi = (term.histi - 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE;
 +		temp = term.hist[term.histi];
 +		term.hist[term.histi] = term.line[term.bot];
 +		term.line[term.bot] = temp;
 +	}
 +
  	tsetdirt(orig, term.bot-n);
  	tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.col-1, term.bot);
  
 @@ -1067,13 +1093,23 @@ tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
  }
  
  void
 -tscrollup(int orig, int n)
 +tscrollup(int orig, int n, int copyhist)
  {
  	int i;
  	Line temp;
  
  	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
  
 +	if (copyhist) {
 +		term.histi = (term.histi + 1) % HISTSIZE;
 +		temp = term.hist[term.histi];
 +		term.hist[term.histi] = term.line[orig];
 +		term.line[orig] = temp;
 +	}
 +
 +	if (term.scr > 0 && term.scr < HISTSIZE)
 +		term.scr = MIN(term.scr + n, HISTSIZE-1);
 +
  	tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1);
  	tsetdirt(orig+n, term.bot);
  
 @@ -1093,6 +1129,7 @@ selscroll(int orig, int n)
  		return;
  
  	if (BETWEEN(sel.ob.y, orig, term.bot) || BETWEEN(sel.oe.y, orig, term.bot)) {
 +		sel.oe.scroll = sel.ob.scroll = term.scr;
  		if ((sel.ob.y += n) > term.bot || (sel.oe.y += n) < term.top) {
  			selclear();
  			return;
 @@ -1122,13 +1159,19 @@ tnewline(int first_col)
  	int y = term.c.y;
  
  	if (y == term.bot) {
 -		tscrollup(term.top, 1);
 +		tscrollup(term.top, 1, 1);
  	} else {
  		y++;
  	}
  	tmoveto(first_col ? 0 : term.c.x, y);
  }
  
 +int
 +currentLine(int x, int y)
 +{
 +	return (x == term.c.x || y == term.c.y);
 +}
 +
  void
  csiparse(void)
  {
 @@ -1181,6 +1224,8 @@ tmoveto(int x, int y)
  	term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
  	term.c.x = LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
  	term.c.y = LIMIT(y, miny, maxy);
 +	// Set the last position in order to restore after normal mode exits.
 +	onMove();
  }
  
  void
 @@ -1287,14 +1332,14 @@ void
  tinsertblankline(int n)
  {
  	if (BETWEEN(term.c.y, term.top, term.bot))
 -		tscrolldown(term.c.y, n);
 +		tscrolldown(term.c.y, n, 0);
  }
  
  void
  tdeleteline(int n)
  {
  	if (BETWEEN(term.c.y, term.top, term.bot))
 -		tscrollup(term.c.y, n);
 +		tscrollup(term.c.y, n, 0);
  }
  
  int32_t
 @@ -1725,11 +1770,11 @@ csihandle(void)
  		break;
  	case 'S': /* SU -- Scroll <n> line up */
  		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 -		tscrollup(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0]);
 +		tscrollup(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0], 0);
  		break;
  	case 'T': /* SD -- Scroll <n> line down */
  		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 -		tscrolldown(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0]);
 +		tscrolldown(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0], 0);
  		break;
  	case 'L': /* IL -- Insert <n> blank lines */
  		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 @@ -2235,7 +2280,7 @@ eschandle(uchar ascii)
  		return 0;
  	case 'D': /* IND -- Linefeed */
  		if (term.c.y == term.bot) {
 -			tscrollup(term.top, 1);
 +			tscrollup(term.top, 1, 1);
  		} else {
  			tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y+1);
  		}
 @@ -2248,7 +2293,7 @@ eschandle(uchar ascii)
  		break;
  	case 'M': /* RI -- Reverse index */
  		if (term.c.y == term.top) {
 -			tscrolldown(term.top, 1);
 +			tscrolldown(term.top, 1, 1);
  		} else {
  			tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y-1);
  		}
 @@ -2290,7 +2335,7 @@ tputc(Rune u)
  {
  	char c[UTF_SIZ];
  	int control;
 -	int width, len;
 +	int width = 0, len;
  	Glyph *gp;
  
  	control = ISCONTROL(u);
 @@ -2469,7 +2514,7 @@ twrite(const char *buf, int buflen, int show_ctrl)
  void
  tresize(int col, int row)
  {
 -	int i;
 +	int i, j;
  	int minrow = MIN(row, term.row);
  	int mincol = MIN(col, term.col);
  	int *bp;
 @@ -2506,6 +2551,14 @@ tresize(int col, int row)
  	term.dirty = xrealloc(term.dirty, row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
  	term.tabs = xrealloc(term.tabs, col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
  
 +	for (i = 0; i < HISTSIZE; i++) {
 +		term.hist[i] = xrealloc(term.hist[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
 +		for (j = mincol; j < col; j++) {
 +			term.hist[i][j] = term.c.attr;
 +			term.hist[i][j].u = ' ';
 +		}
 +	}
 +
  	/* resize each row to new width, zero-pad if needed */
  	for (i = 0; i < minrow; i++) {
  		term.line[i] = xrealloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
 @@ -2563,7 +2616,7 @@ drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
  			continue;
  
  		term.dirty[y] = 0;
 -		xdrawline(term.line[y], x1, y, x2);
 +		xdrawline(TLINE(y), x1, y, x2);
  	}
  }
  
 @@ -2584,8 +2637,8 @@ draw(void)
  		cx--;
  
  	drawregion(0, 0, term.col, term.row);
 -	xdrawcursor(cx, term.c.y, term.line[term.c.y][cx],
 -			term.ocx, term.ocy, term.line[term.ocy][term.ocx]);
 +	xdrawcursor(cx, term.c.y, TLINE(term.c.y)[cx],
 +			term.ocx, term.ocy, TLINE(term.ocy)[term.ocx]);
  	term.ocx = cx, term.ocy = term.c.y;
  	xfinishdraw();
  	xximspot(term.ocx, term.ocy);
 diff --git a/st.h b/st.h
 index a1928ca..3aad9f3 100644
 --- a/st.h
 +++ b/st.h
 @@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
  /* See LICENSE for license details. */
  
 +#include "glyph.h"
 +#include "normalMode.h"
 +
  #include <stdint.h>
  #include <sys/types.h>
  
 @@ -33,6 +36,8 @@ enum glyph_attribute {
  	ATTR_WRAP       = 1 << 8,
  	ATTR_WIDE       = 1 << 9,
  	ATTR_WDUMMY     = 1 << 10,
 +	ATTR_HIGHLIGHT  = 1 << 12,
 +	ATTR_CURRENT    = 1 << 13,
  	ATTR_BOLD_FAINT = ATTR_BOLD | ATTR_FAINT,
  };
  
 @@ -42,11 +47,6 @@ enum selection_mode {
  	SEL_READY = 2
  };
  
 -enum selection_type {
 -	SEL_REGULAR = 1,
 -	SEL_RECTANGULAR = 2
 -};
 -
  enum selection_snap {
  	SNAP_WORD = 1,
  	SNAP_LINE = 2
 @@ -57,18 +57,6 @@ typedef unsigned int uint;
  typedef unsigned long ulong;
  typedef unsigned short ushort;
  
 -typedef uint_least32_t Rune;
 -
 -#define Glyph Glyph_
 -typedef struct {
 -	Rune u;           /* character code */
 -	ushort mode;      /* attribute flags */
 -	uint32_t fg;      /* foreground  */
 -	uint32_t bg;      /* background  */
 -} Glyph;
 -
 -typedef Glyph *Line;
 -
  typedef union {
  	int i;
  	uint ui;
 @@ -81,6 +69,11 @@ void die(const char *, ...);
  void redraw(void);
  void draw(void);
  
 +int currentLine(int, int);
 +void kscrolldown(const Arg *);
 +void kscrollup(const Arg *);
 +void normalMode(Arg const *);
 +
  void printscreen(const Arg *);
  void printsel(const Arg *);
  void sendbreak(const Arg *);
 @@ -90,6 +83,9 @@ int tattrset(int);
  void tnew(int, int);
  void tresize(int, int);
  void tsetdirtattr(int);
 +size_t utf8decode(const char *, Rune *, size_t);
 +Rune utf8decodebyte(char, size_t *);
 +void tsetdirt(int, int);
  void ttyhangup(void);
  int ttynew(char *, char *, char *, char **);
  size_t ttyread(void);
 @@ -100,8 +96,10 @@ void resettitle(void);
  
  void selclear(void);
  void selinit(void);
 -void selstart(int, int, int);
 -void selextend(int, int, int, int);
 +void selstart(int, int, int, int);
 +void xselstart(int, int, int);
 +void selextend(int, int, int, int, int);
 +void xselextend(int, int, int, int);
  int selected(int, int);
  char *getsel(void);
  
 diff --git a/term.h b/term.h
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..23adf0e
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/term.h
 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
 +#ifndef TERM_H
 +#define TERM_H
 +
 +//
 +// Internal terminal structs.
 +//
 +
 +#include "glyph.h"
 +
 +#include <stdint.h>
 +
 +#define HISTSIZE      2500
 +
 +typedef struct {
 +	Glyph attr; /* current char attributes */
 +	int x;
 +	int y;
 +	char state;
 +} TCursor;
 +
 +typedef struct {
 +	int mode;
 +	int type;
 +	int snap;
 +	/// Selection variables:
 +	/// ob – original coordinates of the beginning of the selection
 +	/// oe – original coordinates of the end of the selection
 +	struct {
 +		int x, y, scroll;
 +	} ob, oe;
 +	/// Selection variables; currently displayed chunk.
 +	/// nb – normalized coordinates of the beginning of the selection
 +	/// ne – normalized coordinates of the end of the selection
 +	struct {
 +		int x, y;
 +	} nb, ne;
 +
 +	int alt;
 +} Selection;
 +
 +/* Internal representation of the screen */
 +typedef struct {
 +	int row;      /* nb row */
 +	int col;      /* nb col */
 +	Line *line;   /* screen */
 +	Line *alt;    /* alternate screen */
 +	Line hist[HISTSIZE]; /* history buffer */
 +	int histi;    /* history index */
 +	int scr;      /* scroll back */
 +	int *dirty;   /* dirtyness of lines */
 +	TCursor c;    /* cursor */
 +	int ocx;      /* old cursor col */
 +	int ocy;      /* old cursor row */
 +	int top;      /* top    scroll limit */
 +	int bot;      /* bottom scroll limit */
 +	int mode;     /* terminal mode flags */
 +	int esc;      /* escape state flags */
 +	char trantbl[4]; /* charset table translation */
 +	int charset;  /* current charset */
 +	int icharset; /* selected charset for sequence */
 +	int *tabs;
 +} Term;
 +
 +extern Term term;
 +
 +#define TLINE(y) ((y) < term.scr ? term.hist[((y) + term.histi - \
 +		 term.scr + HISTSIZE + 1) % HISTSIZE] : \
 +		 term.line[(y) - term.scr])
 +
 +extern Selection sel;
 +
 +
 +#endif // TERM_H
 diff --git a/win.h b/win.h
 index a6ef1b9..1a6fefe 100644
 --- a/win.h
 +++ b/win.h
 @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ enum win_mode {
  	MODE_MOUSEMANY   = 1 << 15,
  	MODE_BRCKTPASTE  = 1 << 16,
  	MODE_NUMLOCK     = 1 << 17,
 +	MODE_NORMAL      = 1 << 18,
  	MODE_MOUSE       = MODE_MOUSEBTN|MODE_MOUSEMOTION|MODE_MOUSEX10\
  	                  |MODE_MOUSEMANY,
  };
 @@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ void xbell(void);
  void xclipcopy(void);
  void xdrawcursor(int, int, Glyph, int, int, Glyph);
  void xdrawline(Line, int, int, int);
 +void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
  void xfinishdraw(void);
  void xloadcols(void);
  int xsetcolorname(int, const char *);
 diff --git a/x.c b/x.c
 index 1f62129..e297946 100644
 --- a/x.c
 +++ b/x.c
 @@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ typedef struct {
  static inline ushort sixd_to_16bit(int);
  static int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *, const Glyph *, int, int, int);
  static void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *, Glyph, int, int, int);
 -static void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
  static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
  static int xgeommasktogravity(int);
  static int ximopen(Display *);
 @@ -355,7 +354,7 @@ mousesel(XEvent *e, int done)
  			break;
  		}
  	}
 -	selextend(evcol(e), evrow(e), seltype, done);
 +	xselextend(evcol(e), evrow(e), seltype, done);
  	if (done)
  		setsel(getsel(), e->xbutton.time);
  }
 @@ -471,7 +470,7 @@ bpress(XEvent *e)
  		xsel.tclick2 = xsel.tclick1;
  		xsel.tclick1 = now;
  
 -		selstart(evcol(e), evrow(e), snap);
 +		xselstart(evcol(e), evrow(e), snap);
  	}
  }
  
 @@ -757,6 +756,13 @@ xloadcolor(int i, const char *name, Color *ncolor)
  	return XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, name, ncolor);
  }
  
 +void
 +normalMode(Arg const *_) {
 +	(void) _;
 +	win.mode ^= MODE_NORMAL;
 +}
 +
 +
  void
  xloadcols(void)
  {
 @@ -1344,6 +1350,14 @@ xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, i
  		base.fg = defaultattr;
  	}
  
 +	if (base.mode & ATTR_HIGHLIGHT) {
 +		base.bg = highlightBg;
 +		base.fg = highlightFg;
 +	} else if ((base.mode & ATTR_CURRENT) && (win.mode & MODE_NORMAL)) {
 +		base.bg = currentBg;
 +		base.fg = currentFg;
 +	}
 +
  	if (IS_TRUECOL(base.fg)) {
  		colfg.alpha = 0xffff;
  		colfg.red = TRUERED(base.fg);
 @@ -1433,7 +1447,7 @@ xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, i
  		xclear(winx, winy + win.ch, winx + width, win.h);
  
  	/* Clean up the region we want to draw to. */
 -	XftDrawRect(xw.draw, bg, winx, winy, width, win.ch);
 + 	XftDrawRect(xw.draw, bg, winx, winy, width, win.ch);
  
  	/* Set the clip region because Xft is sometimes dirty. */
  	r.x = 0;
 @@ -1476,8 +1490,9 @@ xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og)
  	Color drawcol;
  
  	/* remove the old cursor */
 -	if (selected(ox, oy))
 -		og.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
 +	if (selected(ox, oy)) og.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
 +	if (highlighted(ox, oy)) { og.mode ^= ATTR_HIGHLIGHT; }
 +	if (currentLine(ox, oy)) { og.mode ^= ATTR_CURRENT; }
  	xdrawglyph(og, ox, oy);
  
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))
 @@ -1509,6 +1524,11 @@ xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og)
  		drawcol = dc.col[g.bg];
  	}
  
 +	if ((g.mode & ATTR_CURRENT) && (win.mode & MODE_NORMAL)) {
 +		g.bg = currentBg;
 +		g.fg = currentFg;
 +	}
 +
  	/* draw the new one */
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)) {
  		switch (win.cursor) {
 @@ -1592,12 +1612,18 @@ xdrawline(Line line, int x1, int y1, int x2)
  
  	numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &line[x1], x2 - x1, x1, y1);
  	i = ox = 0;
 -	for (x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; x++) {
 +	for (x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; ++x) {
  		new = line[x];
  		if (new.mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
  			continue;
  		if (selected(x, y1))
  			new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
 +		if (highlighted(x, y1)) {
 +			new.mode ^= ATTR_HIGHLIGHT;
 +		}
 +		if (currentLine(x, y1)) {
 +			new.mode ^= ATTR_CURRENT;
 +		}
  		if (i > 0 && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
  			xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
  			specs += i;
 @@ -1786,6 +1812,14 @@ kpress(XEvent *ev)
  		len = XmbLookupString(xw.ime.xic, e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, &status);
  	else
  		len = XLookupString(e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, NULL);
 +
 +	if (IS_SET(MODE_NORMAL)) {
 +		ExitState const es = kpressNormalMode(buf, len, // strlen(buf),
 + 				match(ControlMask, e->state),
 + 				&ksym);
 + 		if (es == finished) { normalMode(NULL); }
 +		return;
 +	}
  	/* 1. shortcuts */
  	for (bp = shortcuts; bp < shortcuts + LEN(shortcuts); bp++) {
  		if (ksym == bp->keysym && match(bp->mod, e->state)) {
 -- 
 2.25.0