ls.1 (3045B)
1 .TH LS 1 2 .SH NAME 3 ls, lc \- list contents of directory 4 .SH SYNOPSIS 5 .B ls 6 [ 7 .B -dlmnpqrstuFQ 8 ] 9 .I name ... 10 .PP 11 .B lc 12 [ 13 .B -dlmnpqrstuFQ 14 ] 15 .I name ... 16 .SH DESCRIPTION 17 For each directory argument, 18 .I ls 19 lists the contents of the directory; 20 for each file argument, 21 .I ls 22 repeats its name and any other information requested. 23 When no argument is given, the current directory is listed. 24 By default, the output is sorted alphabetically by name. 25 .PP 26 .I Lc 27 is the same as 28 .IR ls , 29 but sets the 30 .B -p 31 option and pipes the output through 32 .IR mc (1). 33 .PP 34 There are a number of options: 35 .TP 36 .B -d 37 If argument is a directory, list it, not 38 its contents. 39 .TP 40 .B -l 41 List in long format, giving mode (see below), file system type 42 (e.g., for devices, the 43 .B # 44 code letter that names it; see 45 .IR intro (3)), 46 the instance or subdevice number, owner, group, 47 size in bytes, and time of last modification 48 for each file. 49 .TP 50 .B -m 51 List the name of the user who most recently modified the file. 52 .TP 53 .B -n 54 Don't sort the listing. 55 .TP 56 .B -p 57 Print only the final path element of each file name. 58 .TP 59 .B -q 60 List the 61 .I qid 62 (see 63 .IR stat (3)) 64 of each file; the printed fields are in the order 65 path, version, and type. 66 .TP 67 .B -r 68 Reverse the order of sort. 69 .TP 70 .B -s 71 Give size in Kbytes for each entry. 72 .TP 73 .B -t 74 Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of 75 by name. 76 .TP 77 .B -u 78 Under 79 .B -t 80 sort by time of last access; 81 under 82 .B -l 83 print time of last access. 84 .TP 85 .B -F 86 Add the character 87 .B / 88 after all directory names 89 and the character 90 .B * 91 after all executable files. 92 .TP 93 .B -L 94 Print the character 95 .B t 96 before each file if it has the temporary flag set, and 97 .B - 98 otherwise. 99 .TP 100 .B -Q 101 By default, printed file names are quoted if they contain characters special to 102 .IR rc (1). 103 The 104 .B -Q 105 flag disables this behavior. 106 .PP 107 The mode printed under the 108 .B -l 109 option contains 11 characters, 110 interpreted 111 as follows: 112 the first character is 113 .TP 114 .B d 115 if the entry is a directory; 116 .TP 117 .B a 118 if the entry is an append-only file; 119 .TP 120 .B D 121 if the entry is a Unix device; 122 .TP 123 .B L 124 if the entry is a symbolic link; 125 .TP 126 .B P 127 if the entry is a named pipe; 128 .TP 129 .B S 130 if the entry is a socket; 131 .TP 132 .B - 133 if the entry is a plain file. 134 .PD 135 .PP 136 The next letter is 137 .B l 138 if the file is exclusive access (one writer or reader at a time). 139 .PP 140 The last 9 characters are interpreted 141 as three sets of three bits each. 142 The first set refers to owner permissions; 143 the next to permissions to others in the same user-group; 144 and the last to all others. 145 Within each set the three characters indicate 146 permission respectively to read, to write, or to 147 execute the file as a program. 148 For a directory, `execute' permission is interpreted 149 to mean permission to search the directory 150 for a specified file. 151 The permissions are indicated as follows: 152 .TP 3 153 .B r 154 if the file is readable; 155 .PD 0 156 .TP 3 157 .B w 158 if the file is writable; 159 .TP 3 160 .B x 161 if the file is executable; 162 .TP 3 163 .B - 164 if none of the above permissions is granted. 165 .PD 166 .SH SOURCE 167 .B \*9/src/cmd/ls.c 168 .br 169 .B \*9/bin/lc 170 .SH SEE ALSO 171 .IR stat (3), 172 .IR mc (1)